Must / Have to — Dole / Tilas
Must / Have to
'Must' da 'have to' duka suna nuna tilas ko wajibi ne — 'dole ne'. Misali, 'You must study hard' ko 'You have to study hard' (Dole ne ka yi nazari sosai). Amma akwai bambanci — 'must' ya fi ƙarfi kuma na ciki ne (ɓangaren kai), yayin da 'have to' galibi na waje ne (ƙa'idoji, dokokin waje). A Hausa, 'dole ne' ko 'ya kamata' suna yi kama da su.
must — Tilas na Ciki
'must + tushen fi'ili' don tilas da ya fito daga kanka ko ƙa'ida mai ƙarfi. 'must' iri ɗaya ne ga duk batun magana.
You must respect your elders.
Dole ne ka girmama manya.
We must pray five times a day.
Dole ne mu yi salla sau biyar a rana.
Students must wear uniforms.
Dole ne ɗalibai su sa kayan makaranta.
I must finish this homework tonight.
Dole ne in gama wannan aikin gida da dare.
have to — Tilas na Waje
'have to / has to + tushen fi'ili' don ƙa'idoji ko yanayi na waje.
I have to go to school every day.
Dole ne in tafi makaranta kowace rana.
She has to take medicine twice a day.
Dole ne ta sha magani sau biyu a rana.
They have to pass the exam to graduate.
Dole ne su ci jarabawa don su kammala.
He had to walk because the bus didn't come.
Ya yi tafiya da ƙafa saboda bas bai zo ba.
have to yana canzawa: I have to / she has to / I had to (lokaci da ya wuce)
must not da don't have to
'must not' = hana (ba a yarda ba). 'don't have to' = ba tilas ba (amma kana iya). Bambancin yana da muhimmanci!
You must not cheat on the exam. (hana)
Bai kamata ka yi zamba a jarabawa ba.
You don't have to come early. (ba tilas ba)
Ba dole ne ka zo da wuri ba.
She must not be late for school. (hana)
Bai kamata ta yi latti zuwa makaranta ba.
We don't have to wear uniforms on Friday. (ba tilas ba)
Ba dole ne mu sa kayan makaranta ranar Juma'a ba.
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'dole ne' da 'ya kamata' suna nuna tilas. A Turanci, 'must' ya fi ƙarfi fiye da 'have to'.
- ●Babban bambanci: 'must not' = hana, 'don't have to' = zaɓi. A Hausa, 'bai kamata ba' da 'ba tilas ba' suna bambanta su.
- ●'have to' yana da siffofi daban-daban (has to, had to), amma 'must' ba ya canzawa.
Common Mistakes
She must to study hard.
She must study hard.
Bayan 'must', tushen fi'ili ne — ba 'to study' ba.
You must not come. (idan ma'anar ba tilas ba ne)
You don't have to come. (ba tilas ba)
'don't have to' = ba tilas ba. 'must not' = hana — ma'anar su ta bambanta!
Try it in conversation
A
Do I have to wear a cap?
Shin dole ne in sa hula?
B
No, you don't have to. It's optional.
A'a, ba dole ba. Na so ne kawai.
A
We must hurry or we'll be late!
Dole ne mu yi gaggawa ko kuwa za mu yi latti!
B
OK, let's go!
To, bari mu tafi!
Fill in the blanks
You ___ (must/be) quiet in the library.
We ___ (not/have to) work on Sundays.
Quiz
'You ___ not cheat on the test.' — Cika gurbin.
'She ___ wear a uniform every day.' — Zaɓi amsar da ta dace.
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