Lokacin da Ya Riga Ya Wuce
Past Perfect
Past Perfect (Lokacin da Ya Riga Ya Wuce) ana amfani da shi don bayyana abin da ya faru kafin wani abu a baya. Tsarinsa shine 'had + past participle' — misali 'I had already eaten when she arrived'. A Hausa, muna cewa 'Na riga na ci abinci kafin ta iso'. Wannan lokaci yana taimakawa wajen bayyana tsarin abubuwa — wanne ya faru da farko.
Tsarin Past Perfect
had + past participle (siffa ta uku). 'had' iri ɗaya ne ga duk batun magana.
I had finished my homework before dinner.
Na riga na gama aikin gida kafin abincin dare.
She had already left when I arrived.
Ta riga ta tafi kafin na iso.
They had never seen the ocean before.
Ba su taɓa ganin teku ba a da.
He had studied hard, so he passed the exam.
Ya yi nazari sosai, don haka ya ci jarabawa.
| Batun Magana | Fi'ilin Taimako | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Duk batun magana | had | I had eaten. / She had eaten. / They had eaten. |
Amfani da before da after
Ana haɗa Past Perfect da Simple Past ta amfani da 'before', 'after', ko 'when' don nuna tsarin abubuwa.
I had eaten before she came.
Na riga na ci kafin ta zo.
After they had finished, they went home.
Bayan sun gama, sai suka tafi gida.
When we arrived, the movie had already started.
Lokacin da muka iso, fim din ya riga ya fara.
She had saved enough money before she bought the phone.
Ta riga ta tara isassun kuɗi kafin ta sayi wayar.
Musantawa da Tambaya
Musantawa: had + not + past participle. Tambaya: Had + batun magana + past participle?
I hadn't seen that movie before.
Ban taɓa ganin wancan fim ba a da.
She hadn't finished her food when the bell rang.
Ba ta gama cin abinci ba lokacin da ƙararrawa ta yi.
Had you visited Abuja before that trip?
Shin ka taɓa zuwa Abuja kafin wancan tafiya?
Had they met before the wedding?
Shin sun taɓa haɗuwa kafin bikin aure?
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'na riga na...' ko 'ya riga ya...' suna nuna abin da ya faru da farko, wanda ya yi kama da Past Perfect.
- ●Amma a Hausa, ba a canza siffar fi'ili sosai ba kamar Turanci — 'riga' ne ke ƙara ma'anar 'kafin wani abu'.
- ●A Turanci, 'had + past participle' yana da muhimmanci don bambanta lokutan baya biyu a fili.
Common Mistakes
I had ate before she came.
I had eaten before she came.
Past Perfect (had eaten) don abin da ya faru da farko, Simple Past (came) don abin da ya faru daga baya.
They has already left.
They had already left.
'had' ne ake amfani da shi, ba 'has' ba, domin lokaci ne na baya.
Try it in conversation
A
Had you been to Lagos before?
Shin ka taɓa zuwa Lagos a da?
B
No, I hadn't. It was my first time.
A'a, ban taɓa ba. Karo na farko ne.
A
Why were you late?
Don me ka yi latti?
B
I had missed the bus, so I walked.
Na rasa bas, don haka na yi tafiya da ƙafa.
Fill in the blanks
They ___ (already/eat) when we arrived.
She ___ (not/finish) her homework before the teacher came.
Quiz
'She ___ already left when I arrived.' — Cika gurbin.
'I ___ the book before the exam.' — Zaɓi amsar da ta dace.
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