Yanayin Burina (Subjunctive)
Subjunctive Mood
Subjunctive Mood ana amfani da shi don bayyana buri, shawara, roƙo, ko yanayi da ba gaskiya ba. A Turanci, ana cewa 'I wish I were taller' (Ina fatan da na fi tsayi), ko 'It is important that he study' (Yana da muhimmanci ya yi nazari). A Hausa, 'da ma' ko 'ina fatan' suna nuna ma'ana iri ɗaya. Subjunctive ba ya yawan bayyana a magana ta yau da kullum, amma yana da muhimmanci a rubuce.
I wish + Past (Burin da Ba Gaskiya Ba)
'I wish + Simple Past' don abubuwan da muke so amma ba gaskiya ba a yanzu. Ana amfani da 'were' ga duk batun magana.
I wish I were taller.
Ina fatan da na fi tsayi.
She wishes she had more money.
Tana fatan da tana da ƙarin kuɗi.
I wish I could speak five languages.
Ina fatan da zan iya harsuna biyar.
He wishes he lived in Abuja.
Yana fatan da yana zaune a Abuja.
It is + Siffa + that + Subjunctive
Bayan 'It is important/necessary/essential that...', fi'ili yana zama tushen fi'ili (ba tare da -s ko canjin lokaci ba).
It is important that he study hard.
Yana da muhimmanci ya yi nazari sosai.
It is necessary that she be on time.
Ya zama dole ta zo a lokaci.
It is essential that they attend the meeting.
Ya zama wajibi su halarci taron.
The teacher suggested that he read more books.
Malami ya ba da shawarar ya ƙara karanta littattafai.
A subjunctive, 'he study' ne (ba 'he studies' ba), 'she be' ne (ba 'she is' ba).
If only... (Da ma...)
'If only' ya fi ƙarfi fiye da 'I wish' — yana nuna buri mai zafi.
If only I had studied harder!
Da ma na yi nazari sosai!
If only it would stop raining!
Da ma ruwan sama zai tsaya!
If only she were here with us.
Da ma tana nan tare da mu.
If only I could go to university!
Da ma zan iya zuwa jami'a!
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'ina fatan' ko 'da ma' suna nuna buri, wanda ya yi kama da 'I wish' da 'If only'.
- ●A Turanci, subjunctive yana canza siffar fi'ili (were, study ba studies ba), amma a Hausa ba a canza fi'ili ba — mahallin magana ne ke bambanta.
- ●'I wish I were' (ba 'was' ba) — wannan ƙa'ida ce ta musamman ta subjunctive da ya kamata a tuna.
Common Mistakes
I wish I was rich.
I wish I were rich.
Subjunctive: 'were' ga duk batun magana — ba 'was' ba (a al'ada).
It is important that he studies.
It is important that he study.
Subjunctive: tushen fi'ili — ba 'studies' ba.
Try it in conversation
A
I wish I could visit every country in Africa.
Ina fatan da zan iya ziyartar kowace ƙasa a Afirka.
B
Me too! If only we had more time.
Ni ma! Da ma muna da ƙarin lokaci.
A
I wish it weren't so hot today.
Ina fatan da ba a yi zafi sosai yau ba.
B
I know! If only it would rain!
Na sani! Da ma za a yi ruwan sama!
Fill in the blanks
I wish I ___ (be) taller.
If only she ___ (can) come to the party!
Quiz
'I wish I ___ fly.' — Cika gurbin.
'It is important that she ___ on time.' — Zaɓi amsar da ta dace.
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