Articles (a/an/the)
Articles (a/an/the)
A Turanci, akwai kalmomi da ake kira 'articles' — a, an, da the. Ana sa su kafin suna (noun). A Hausa, babu articles kamar haka, don haka wannan batu ne mai wahala ga Bahaushe. Amma idan ka koyi ƙa'idojin, za ka iya amfani da su daidai. A wannan darasi, za mu koyi bambancin a, an, da the.
Bambancin a da an
'a' da 'an' suna nufin 'ɗaya' kuma ana amfani da su lokacin da aka fara ambaton abu. Idan kalmar da ke biye tana farawa da sautin baƙi, ana amfani da 'a'. Idan tana farawa da sautin wasali (a, e, i, o, u), ana amfani da 'an'. Abu mai muhimmanci shi ne sautin, ba haruffa ba.
a + sautin baƙi / an + sautin wasali
I have a goat.
Ina da akuya ɗaya.
She is an artist.
Ita mai fasaha ce.
I ate an orange.
Na ci lemo guda.
He is a university student.
Shi ɗalibin jami'a ne.
There is an egg on the table.
Akwai ƙwai ɗaya a kan tebur.
She needs a new notebook.
Tana buƙatar sabon littafin rubutu.
It is an honest mistake.
Kuskure ne na gaskiya.
I want a mango.
Ina son mangwaro.
| Article | Lokacin amfani | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| a | Sautin baƙi | a book, a cat, a desk |
| an | Sautin wasali | an egg, an idea, an umbrella |
| a | Sautin 'yu' | a university, a uniform |
| an | H maras sauti | an hour, an honest person |
'a' da 'an' — sauti ne ya ƙaddara, ba haruffa ba! hour ba a furta 'h' ba don haka 'an hour', university sautinta 'yu' ne don haka 'a university'.
Yadda ake amfani da the
'the' yana nufin 'wannan/wancan' — ana amfani da shi lokacin da duka mai magana da mai sauraro sun san abin da ake nufi. Abu da aka riga aka ambata, abu guda ɗaya a duniya (the sun, the moon), ko abu da aka sani, duka suna buƙatar 'the'.
the + suna da aka sani (mufuradi ko jam'i)
I bought a book. The book is interesting.
Na sayi littafi. Littafin yana da ban sha'awa.
The sun is very bright today.
Rana tana haskakawa ƙwarai yau.
Please open the window.
Don Allah a buɗe taga.
The children are playing in the field.
Yaran suna wasa a filin.
The moon is beautiful tonight.
Wata yana da kyau a yau da dare.
Where is the mosque?
Ina masallaci yake?
The Niger River is very long.
Kogin Niger yana da tsawo ƙwarai.
| Lokacin amfani da the | Misali | Dalili |
|---|---|---|
| Abu da aka riga aka ambata | I saw a cat. The cat was cute. | An riga an faɗi kyanwa |
| Abu guda ɗaya a duniya | The sky is blue. | Sararin sama guda ɗaya |
| Abu da aka sani | Close the door, please. | Ƙofar da ke nan |
| Kiɗa | She plays the piano. | Ana sa the ga kiɗa |
| Mafi girma | He is the tallest boy. | The yana zuwa kafin mafi girma |
a/an = 'ɗaya daga cikin da yawa', the = 'wannan musamman'. Misali 'I want a pen' = 'Ina son alƙalami guda (kowaɗanne)', 'I want the pen' = 'Ina son wannan alƙalamin'.
Lokacin da ba a sa article ba
Ba kowane suna ke buƙatar article ba. Abubuwan da ba a ƙidaya ba (water, music) a yanayin gama-gari, sunayen wasanni, cin abinci, da darussan makaranta, ba a sa article ba.
Ba article + suna da ba a ƙidaya / wasanni / cin abinci / darasi
I like music.
Ina son kiɗa.
She plays football after school.
Tana wasan ƙwallon ƙafa bayan makaranta.
We eat breakfast at seven.
Muna cin karin kumallo da ƙarfe bakwai.
He studies math every day.
Yana karatun lissafi kullum.
Water is important for our body.
Ruwa yana da muhimmanci ga jikinmu.
I love suya.
Ina son suya ƙwarai.
They go to school by bus.
Suna zuwa makaranta da bas.
| Ba article | Misali |
|---|---|
| Wasanni | play football, play basketball |
| Cin abinci | eat breakfast, eat lunch, eat dinner |
| Darussan | study math, study English |
| Abubuwan da ba a ƙidaya (gama-gari) | drink water, like music, need help |
| Hanyar tafiya | by bus, by car, by okada |
'zuwa makaranta' = 'go to school' (ba article). 'go to the school' yana nufin zuwa ginin makaranta ne musamman. Idan dalili ne ka ke zuwa, ba a sa article ba.
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa babu articles. 'Na ga kare' — a Turanci dole ne ka zaɓi 'a dog' (wani kare) ko 'the dog' (wannan karen).
- ●A Hausa 'Ina son ayaba' ya isa, amma a Turanci 'I like bananas' (jam'i ba article) ne daidai. 'I like a banana' ba daidai ba ne don gama-gari.
- ●A Hausa ba a buƙatar bambance 'wani' da 'wannan' a kowane lokaci, amma a Turanci a/the yana da mahimmanci ƙwarai.
- ●Abubuwan da ba a ƙidaya kamar 'water' da 'information' ba su karɓi a/an ba a Turanci.
- ●'go to school' (ba article) kamar Hausa ne — 'zuwa makaranta' ba tare da wani abu ba.
Common Mistakes
She is a artist.
She is an artist.
artist tana farawa da sautin wasali 'a', don haka 'an' ba 'a' ba.
I like a music.
I like music.
Music a gama-gari ba ya buƙatar article. Ba a cewa 'a music' ba.
Sun is hot.
The sun is hot.
Rana guda ɗaya ce a duniya, don haka dole ne ka sa 'the sun'.
Try it in conversation
A
I bought a new bag yesterday.
Na sayi sabuwar jakata jiya.
B
Really? What color is the bag?
Da gaske? Wane launi jakata take da shi?
A
The bag is red. I love it!
Jakar ja ce. Ina son ta ƙwarai!
B
That's nice! I need a new bag too.
Da kyau! Ni ma ina buƙatar sabuwar jakata.
Fill in the blanks
I saw ___ elephant at the zoo.
Please close ___ door.
She is ___ good singer.
I like ___ music.
He ate ___ mango after lunch.
I bought a pen. ___ pen is blue.
She plays ___ basketball on Saturdays.
___ Niger River is very long.
Quiz
"She is ___ artist." — Me za ka sa?
"___ sun is very hot." — Me za ka sa?
"He goes to ___ school every day." — Me ya dace?
"I want ___ umbrella." — Me za ka sa?
"She plays ___ piano very well." — Me ya dace?
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