Karin magana (I/my/me/mine)
Pronouns
Karin magana (pronouns) kalmomi ne da ake amfani da su maimakon suna. Maimakon ka ce 'Amina ta ga littafin Amina', za ka ce 'Amina ta ga littafin ta'. A Turanci, I (ni), he (shi), she (ita) da sauransu su ne karin magana. A Turanci, karin magana suna canza siffa gwargwadon matsayinsu a jimla — wannan shi ne batu mafi muhimmanci.
Karin magana na batun jimla (I / you / he / she / it / we / they)
Karin magana na batun jimla (subject pronouns) suna zuwa a matsayin batun jimla — 'ni', 'kai', 'shi', 'ita'. A Hausa, ana iya barin batun jimla, amma a Turanci, ba za a bar shi ba sai jumlar umarni (imperative).
Subject pronoun + fi'ili + ...
I like mangoes.
Ina son mangwaro.
You are very kind.
Kai mai kirki ne ƙwarai.
He plays football every day.
Yana wasan ƙwallon ƙafa kullum.
She is my sister.
Ita 'yar'uwata ce.
It is very hot today.
Yau zafi ƙwarai.
We are classmates.
Mu abokan aji ne.
They live in Abuja.
Suna zaune a Abuja.
| Hausa | Turanci | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Ni | I | I am happy. |
| Kai/Ke | you | You are smart. |
| Shi | he | He is tall. |
| Ita | she | She likes cats. |
| Shi/Ita (abu) | it | It is a dog. |
| Mu | we | We are friends. |
| Su | they | They play football. |
A Turanci dole ne ka sa batun jimla. 'Zafi' ba ya isa — 'It is hot' dole ne. Ana amfani da 'it' ga yanayi da lokaci.
Karin magana na mallaka (my / your / his / her / its / our / their)
Karin magana na mallaka (possessive adjectives) suna nufin '~na/~ta' — ana sa su kafin suna. 'my book' = littafina, 'her bag' = jakarta. Kullum suna zuwa kafin suna.
Possessive adjective + suna
This is my book.
Wannan littafina ne.
Your pen is on the desk.
Alƙalaminka yana kan tebur.
His name is Musa.
Sunansa Musa.
Her birthday is in March.
Ranar haihuwar ta a watan Maris.
The cat licked its paw.
Kyanwa ta lasar ƙafafunta.
Our school is very big.
Makaranta mu tana da girma ƙwarai.
Their house is near the market.
Gidan su yana kusa da kasuwa.
| Batun jimla | Mallaka | Ma'ana | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | my | na/ta (ni) | my bag |
| you | your | na/ta (kai) | your book |
| he | his | na/ta (shi) | his car |
| she | her | na/ta (ita) | her phone |
| it | its | na/ta (shi/ita) | its color |
| we | our | na/ta (mu) | our class |
| they | their | na/ta (su) | their teacher |
'its' da 'it's' sun bambanta! 'its' = na shi/ta (mallaka), 'it's' = it is (gajeriya). Alamar ' tana canza ma'ana.
Karin magana na abu (me / you / him / her / it / us / them)
Karin magana na abu (object pronouns) suna zuwa bayan fi'ili ko preposition. A Hausa, 'ni' ko 'shi' ba su canja ba, amma a Turanci, I → me, he → him, she → her, da sauransu.
Fi'ili + object pronoun / Preposition + object pronoun
She likes me.
Tana sona.
I called him yesterday.
Na kira shi jiya.
Can you help us?
Za ka iya taimaka mana?
The teacher told them to sit down.
Malami ya gaya musu su zauna.
Please give it to her.
Don Allah ka ba ta shi.
I went to the mosque with them.
Na je masallaci tare da su.
This present is for you.
Wannan kyauta ce a gare ka.
| Batun jimla | Na abu | Ma'ana | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | me | ni | Help me. |
| you | you | kai/ke | I like you. |
| he | him | shi | Tell him. |
| she | her | ita | Call her. |
| it | it | shi/ita (abu) | I found it. |
| we | us | mu | Join us. |
| they | them | su | Thank them. |
'you' da 'it' siffa ɗaya ce ga batun jimla da abu! Wurin da suke a jimla ne ke nuna bambancin.
Karin magana na mallaka (mine / yours / his / hers / ours / theirs)
Waɗannan karin magana ne da suke nufin '~nawa/~nasa' kuma ba su buƙatar suna bayansa. 'This is my book' (mallaka + suna) da 'This book is mine' (karin magana na mallaka kawai) duka sun dace.
... + possessive pronoun (ba suna bayan shi)
This bag is mine.
Wannan jakata tawa ce.
Is this pencil yours?
Shin wannan fensirin naka ne?
That seat is his.
Wancan kujera tasa ce.
The red bicycle is hers.
Keken ja nata ne.
This classroom is ours.
Wannan aji namu ne.
Those shoes are theirs.
Waɗancan takalma nasu ne.
My house is big. Yours is small.
Gidana babba ne. Naka ƙarami ne.
| Mallaka | Na mallaka | Ma'ana | Misali |
|---|---|---|---|
| my | mine | nawa | It is mine. |
| your | yours | naka | It is yours. |
| his | his | nasa | It is his. |
| her | hers | nata | It is hers. |
| our | ours | namu | It is ours. |
| their | theirs | nasu | It is theirs. |
'his' siffa ɗaya ce ga mallaka da karin magana na mallaka! 'his book' (littafinsa) da 'It is his' (na shi ne) duka 'his'.
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, za ka iya barin batun jimla ('ina zuwa' ba tare da 'ni' ba). A Turanci, dole ne ka sa batun jimla ('I go').
- ●A Hausa, 'ni' ba ta canja ba ko a matsayin batun jimla ko abu. Amma a Turanci, I → my → me → mine — siffa tana canja.
- ●A Hausa, '-na/-ta/-nsa/-nta' suna nuna mallaka. A Turanci, my/your/his/her/its/our/their ne.
- ●A Hausa, babu bambanci tsakanin '-nawa' da '-na+suna'. A Turanci, 'mine' (ba tare da suna) da 'my+suna' sun bambanta.
- ●'it' na Turanci ba shi da kamanceceniya a Hausa — ana amfani da shi ga yanayi, lokaci, da abubuwan da ba mutum ba.
Common Mistakes
Me like football.
I like football.
Batun jimla ne — 'I' ba 'me' ba. 'me' na bayan fi'ili ne kawai.
This is she bag.
This is her bag.
Kafin suna, ana sa karin magana na mallaka — 'her' ba 'she' ba.
The book is my.
The book is mine.
Ba suna bayan sa — ana sa karin magana na mallaka 'mine' ba 'my' ba.
Try it in conversation
A
Is this your pencil?
Shin wannan fensirinka ne?
B
No, it isn't mine. Maybe it's hers.
A'a, ba nawa ba ne. Wataƙila nata ne.
A
Amina, is this yours?
Amina, shin wannan naki ne?
B
Yes! That's my pencil. Thank you!
Eh! Wannan fensirona ne. Na gode!
Fill in the blanks
___ am a student.
This is ___ cat. Its name is Bello.
The teacher gave ___ a lot of homework.
That umbrella is ___, not yours.
___ name is Ibrahim. He is from Kaduna.
Can you help ___? I can't carry this box.
I like ___ new shoes. Where did you buy them?
My house is big. ___ is small.
Quiz
"___ is a teacher." — 'Ita malama ce' — batun jimla?
"This is ___ pen." — 'na ni' — me za ka sa?
"The teacher called ___." — 'shi' — me za ka sa?
"This book is ___." — 'nawa' — me za ka sa?
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