Fi'ilin be (am/is/are)
Be Verb (am/is/are)
Fi'ilin be shi ne fi'ili mafi muhimmanci a Turanci. A Hausa, muna cewa 'ni ne', 'shi ne', 'ita ce' — wannan shi ne ma'anar am/is/are. A Turanci, am/is/are suna zuwa ne kai tsaye bayan batun jimla (subject). Fi'ilin be yana nuna wane ne mutum, yaya yake, ko ina yake.
Yadda ake amfani da am/is/are
am — ana amfani da shi tare da 'I' kawai. is — ana amfani da shi tare da He/She/It (shi/ita/shi). are — ana amfani da shi tare da You/We/They (kai/mu/su). Canjin fi'ilin be gwargwadon batun jimla ana kiransa 'conjugation'.
S + am/is/are + C
I am a student.
Ni ɗalibi ne.
She is happy.
Ita tana farin ciki.
They are friends.
Su abokai ne.
You are kind.
Kai mai kirki ne.
He is a doctor.
Shi likita ne.
We are classmates.
Mu abokan aji ne.
It is a beautiful day.
Yau rana ce mai kyau.
My parents are teachers.
Iyayena malamai ne.
| Batun jimla (Subject) | Fi'ilin be | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | I am tall. |
| He / She / It | is | He is a boy. |
| You / We / They | are | We are happy. |
'I' kullum tare da 'am' kawai! Ba za ka ce 'He am' ko 'They am' ba!
Fi'ilin be + Sifa (Adjective)
Bayan fi'ilin be, za ka iya sanya sifa (adjective) don bayyana halin mutum ko abu. Misali — mai farin ciki, gajiyayye, babba, ƙarami. A Hausa, za ka ce 'ina jin yunwa' amma a Turanci dole ne ka sa am/is/are.
S + am/is/are + Adjective
I am hungry.
Ina jin yunwa.
The movie is interesting.
Fim ɗin yana da ban sha'awa.
My bag is heavy.
Jakata ta tana da nauyi.
The children are sleepy.
Yaran suna jin barci.
He is tall and strong.
Shi dogo ne kuma mai ƙarfi.
The flowers are beautiful.
Furannin suna da kyau.
This book is easy.
Wannan littafi mai sauƙi ne.
We are very excited.
Muna farin ciki ƙwarai.
| Batun jimla | Fi'ilin be | Adjective | Ma'ana |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | am | tired | gajiyayye |
| He | is | smart | mai wayo |
| She | is | beautiful | mai kyau |
| It | is | big | babba |
| We | are | ready | a shirye |
| They | are | busy | masu aiki |
Ba za ka ce 'I happy' ba. Dole ne ka ce 'I am happy' — kullum ka sa fi'ilin be!
Fi'ilin be don nuna wuri
Fi'ilin be yana nuna inda mutum ko abu yake. Ana amfani da at (a wuri), in (a ciki), on (a kan) tare da fi'ilin be.
S + am/is/are + Wuri (at/in/on ...)
I am at home.
Ina gida.
The cat is on the table.
Kyanwa tana kan tebur.
We are in the park.
Muna cikin lambun shakatawa.
The books are on the shelf.
Littattafai suna kan shela.
She is in the kitchen.
Ita tana cikin madafa.
My school is near the market.
Makaranta ta tana kusa da kasuwa.
The dog is under the bed.
Kare yana ƙarƙashin gado.
They are at the mosque.
Suna masallaci.
| Preposition | Ma'ana | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| at | a wuri | at home, at school |
| in | a ciki | in the room, in the box |
| on | a kan | on the desk, on the wall |
| under | a ƙarƙashi | under the table, under the tree |
| near | kusa da | near the door, near the market |
at = a wuri ɗaya (at school), in = a ciki (in the room), on = a saman (on the table) — ka tuna haka!
Gajeriyar siffar fi'ilin be (Contractions)
A magana ta yau da kullum, ana rage fi'ilin be. I am → I'm, He is → He's, They are → They're. A magana da abokai muna amfani da gajeriyar siffa, amma a rubutu na hukuma muna amfani da cikakkiyar siffa.
I'm a student.
Ni ɗalibi ne.
He's my brother.
Shi ɗan'uwana ne.
She's from Kano.
Ita daga Kano ce.
It's a beautiful flower.
Fure ne mai kyau.
We're ready.
Muna a shirye.
You're very smart.
Kai mai wayo ne ƙwarai.
They're in the same class.
Suna cikin aji ɗaya.
| Cikakkiyar siffa | Gajeriyar siffa | Furucin |
|---|---|---|
| I am | I'm | /aɪm/ |
| He is | He's | /hiːz/ |
| She is | She's | /ʃiːz/ |
| It is | It's | /ɪts/ |
| You are | You're | /jʊər/ |
| We are | We're | /wɪər/ |
| They are | They're | /ðeər/ |
It's (gajeriyar It is) da Its (na shi/ta) sun bambanta! 'It's a dog' = kare ne. 'Its name' = sunansa.
Fi'ilin be don nuna sana'a da asali
Za ka iya amfani da fi'ilin be don faɗin sana'ar mutum, ƙasarsa, shekarunsa, da sauransu. Wannan ita ce hanyar da aka fi amfani da ita da fi'ilin be.
S + am/is/are + Suna (Noun)
I am a football player.
Ni ɗan wasan ƙwallon ƙafa ne.
She is a nurse.
Ita ma'aikaciyar jinya ce.
He is Nigerian.
Shi Ba'amurke ne na Najeriya.
We are from Kano.
Mu daga Kano muke.
My father is a trader.
Babana ɗan kasuwa ne.
They are primary school students.
Su ɗalibai ne na firamare.
I am twelve years old.
Ina da shekara goma sha biyu.
| Nau'i | Misali | Hausa |
|---|---|---|
| Sana'a | He is a teacher. | Shi malami ne |
| Ƙasa | She is Hausa. | Ita Bahaushe ce |
| Shekaru | I am ten years old. | Ina da shekara goma |
| Asali | We are from Abuja. | Mu daga Abuja muke |
| Dangi | She is my sister. | Ita 'yar'uwata ce |
Fi'ilin be tare da This/That/These/Those
This (wannan), That (wancan), These (waɗannan), Those (waɗancan) — ana amfani da su tare da fi'ilin be don nuna abu. This/That + is, These/Those + are.
This/That + is + C | These/Those + are + C
This is my book.
Wannan littafina ne.
That is a hospital.
Wancan asibiti ne.
These are my pencils.
Waɗannan fensirori na ne.
Those are her shoes.
Waɗancan takalman ta ne.
This is delicious!
Wannan yana da daɗi!
That is a very old building.
Wancan gini ne mai tsufa ƙwarai.
These are fresh vegetables.
Waɗannan kayan lambu ne sababbi.
| Kalmar nuni | Fi'ilin be | Kusa/Nesa | Adadi |
|---|---|---|---|
| This | is | Kusa | Ɗaya |
| That | is | Nesa | Ɗaya |
| These | are | Kusa | Fiye da ɗaya |
| Those | are | Nesa | Fiye da ɗaya |
This/That tare da 'is', These/Those tare da 'are' — ba za ka ce 'This are' ko 'These is' ba!
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'ne/ce' suna zuwa a ƙarshen jimla ('Ni ɗalibi ne'). A Turanci, am/is/are suna zuwa kai tsaye bayan batun jimla ('I am a student').
- ●Hausa: Ni ɗalibi ne (SOV) → Turanci: I am a student (SVC) — tsarin kalmomi ya bambanta.
- ●A Hausa, 'ne/ce' ba su canja ba ko da batun jimla ya canja. Amma a Turanci, am/is/are suna canja gwargwadon batun jimla.
- ●A Turanci, ba za ka bar fi'ilin be ba — 'I happy' kuskure ne, dole ne ka ce 'I am happy'.
- ●A Hausa za ka ce 'wannan littafi' ba tare da fi'ili ba, amma a Turanci dole ne ka ce 'This is a book'.
- ●A Turanci, ana sa a/an kafin suna ɗaya da ake iya ƙidayawa (a student, an apple). Babu irin wannan a Hausa.
Common Mistakes
I is a student.
I am a student.
'I' kullum tare da 'am', ba 'is' ba.
You is kind.
You are kind.
'You' kullum tare da 'are', ko mutum ɗaya ne ko da yawa.
They is happy.
They are happy.
They jam'i ne, don haka 'are' ake amfani da shi. 'is' na he/she/it ne kawai.
Try it in conversation
A
Hi! Are you in Class 3?
Sannu! Kana cikin aji na 3?
B
Yes, I am. Are you new here?
Eh, haka ne. Kai sabon ɗalibi ne a nan?
A
Yes! I'm from Kano. My name is Musa.
Eh! Ni daga Kano nake. Sunana Musa.
B
Nice to meet you! I'm Amina.
Na ji daɗin saduwa da kai! Ni Amina ce.
Fill in the blanks
He ___ my friend.
I ___ ten years old.
They ___ in the classroom.
You ___ a good singer.
This ___ not my pencil.
___ your mother a teacher?
These ___ my toys.
My friends and I ___ excited about the trip.
Quiz
"She ___ a doctor." — Me za ka sa a sarari?
"We ___ students." — Zaɓi fi'ilin be da ya dace.
"I ___ happy today." — Amsar da ta dace ita ce?
"This ___ my pen." — Me za ka sa?
"My parents ___ kind." — Amsar da ta dace ita ce?
"Those ___ her cats." — Me za ka sa?
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