Jam'in Suna
Plural Nouns
A Turanci, idan abu fiye da ɗaya ne, dole ne ka canza siffar suna zuwa jam'i (plural). A Hausa, 'kare' da 'karnuka' sun bambanta, kuma a Turanci 'a dog' da 'dogs' ma sun bambanta. Amma Turanci yana da ƙa'idoji na musamman don yin jam'i — ka koyi su a wannan darasi.
Ƙa'idar gama-gari (-s / -es / -ies)
Yawancin sunaye suna samun -s a ƙarshe don zama jam'i. Amma sunaye da suka ƙare da s, x, ch, sh suna samun -es. 'Baƙi + y' suna cire y suna sa -ies. 'f/fe' wasu suna canja zuwa -ves.
Suna + s / s,x,ch,sh + es / baƙi+y → ies
I have two cats.
Ina da kyanwowi biyu.
She washed three dishes.
Ta wanke kwanoni uku.
There are four boxes on the floor.
Akwai akwatuna huɗu a ƙasa.
He has many hobbies.
Yana da abubuwan nishaɗi da yawa.
We picked some mangoes.
Mun tsinka mangwaro.
She read five stories before bed.
Ta karanta labarai biyar kafin kwanciya.
The leaves fall in the dry season.
Ganye suna faɗuwa a lokacin rani.
| Ƙa'ida | Mufuradi | Jam'i |
|---|---|---|
| +s | cat | cats |
| +s | book | books |
| +es (s) | bus | buses |
| +es (x) | box | boxes |
| +es (ch) | watch | watches |
| +es (sh) | dish | dishes |
| y→ies | baby | babies |
| y→ies | story | stories |
| f→ves | leaf | leaves |
| fe→ves | knife | knives |
'Wasali + y' — ka ƙara -s kawai (boy → boys, day → days). 'Baƙi + y' kawai ne ake canja (city → cities).
Canjin da ba na al'ada ba (Irregular plurals)
Wasu sunaye ba su bi ƙa'ida ba — dole ne ka tuna su daban-daban. Wasu kuma mufuradi da jam'i siffa ɗaya ce (fish, sheep).
The children are playing outside.
Yaran suna wasa a waje.
Two men are waiting at the gate.
Maza biyu suna jira a ƙofa.
Three women came to the meeting.
Mata uku sun zo taron.
I brushed my teeth this morning.
Na goge haƙora na safe.
My feet are tired from walking.
Ƙafafuna sun gaji daga tafiya.
There are many fish in the river.
Akwai kifi da yawa a cikin kogin.
The farmer has twenty sheep.
Manomi yana da tumaki ashirin.
| Mufuradi | Jam'i | Ma'ana |
|---|---|---|
| man | men | namiji |
| woman | women | mace |
| child | children | yaro |
| tooth | teeth | haƙori |
| foot | feet | ƙafa |
| mouse | mice | ɓera |
| person | people | mutum |
| fish | fish | kifi (iri ɗaya) |
| sheep | sheep | tunkiya (iri ɗaya) |
'person' jam'insa 'people' ne. 'Two people are here' — ba 'Two persons' ba a magana ta yau da kullum.
Sunaye da ba a ƙidaya ba (Uncountable nouns)
A Turanci, wasu sunaye ba a ƙidaya ba — water (ruwa), information (bayani), homework (aikin gida). Ba a ƙara -s ga waɗannan ba. Don ƙidaya su, ana amfani da ma'auni: 'a glass of water' (gilashin ruwa guda).
I need some water.
Ina buƙatar ruwa.
She gave me a lot of information.
Ta ba ni bayani da yawa.
I have too much homework today.
Ina da aikin gida da yawa yau.
Can I have a piece of bread?
Zan iya samun yankin gurasa?
He bought two bags of rice.
Ya sayi buhun shinkafa biyu.
There is a lot of rice in the bowl.
Akwai shinkafa da yawa a kwano.
| Suna da ba a ƙidaya | Ma'ana | Yadda ake ƙidaya |
|---|---|---|
| water | ruwa | a glass of water, two cups of water |
| bread | gurasa | a slice of bread, a loaf of bread |
| information | bayani | a piece of information |
| homework | aikin gida | (ba a ƙidaya) |
| money | kuɗi | (ba a ƙidaya) |
| rice | shinkafa | a bag of rice, a bowl of rice |
'informations', 'homeworks' — duka kuskure ne! Waɗannan sunaye ba a ƙara -s ba.
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, akwai jam'i na musamman (kare→karnuka, yaro→yara) kuma ba ƙa'ida guda ɗaya ba. Turanci ma yana da irregular plurals amma yawancin sunaye +s ne kawai.
- ●A Hausa, ana amfani da suna ba tare da canza shi ba wani lokaci ('kifi da yawa'). A Turanci, dole ne ka canja zuwa jam'i ko ka kiyaye mufuradi gwargwadon lambar.
- ●Turanci yana bambance 'countable' da 'uncountable' nouns. Hausa ba ya yin wannan bambanci sosai.
- ●A Turanci 'many' na abubuwan ƙidaya ne, 'much' na abubuwan da ba a ƙidaya. A Hausa 'da yawa' ya shafi duka.
Common Mistakes
I have many informations.
I have a lot of information.
information ba a ƙidaya — ba a ƙara -s ba.
Two mans are here.
Two men are here.
man → men (mara al'ada), ba 'mans' ba.
She has three childs.
She has three children.
child → children (mara al'ada), ba 'childs' ba.
Try it in conversation
A
How many brothers do you have?
'Yan'uwa maza nawa kake da su?
B
I have two brothers and three sisters.
Ina da 'yan'uwa maza biyu da mata uku.
A
That's a big family! How many people live in your house?
Babbar iyali ce! Mutane nawa suke zaune a gidanku?
B
Ten people live in our house.
Mutane goma suna zaune a gidanmu.
Fill in the blanks
I have three ___. (cat)
She bought two ___. (watch)
There are many ___ in the park. (child)
Five ___ swam in the pond. (fish)
He doesn't have ___ brothers.
The ___ are playing in the field. (man)
How ___ sugar do you want?
The farmer has ten ___. (sheep)
Quiz
"box" jam'insa?
"child" jam'insa?
"I don't have ___ money." — me ya dace?
"baby" jam'insa?
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