Jumlar Musantawa
Negative Sentences
Jumlar musantawa ita ce jimla da take cewa 'ba haka ba' ko 'ba ya yi ba'. A Hausa, muna amfani da 'ba' don musantawa. A Turanci, ana amfani da 'not'. Fi'ilin be da fi'ilai na yau da kullum suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na musantawa.
Musantar fi'ilin be (am not / is not / are not)
Don musantar fi'ilin be (am/is/are), ana sa 'not' bayan fi'ilin. Ana kuma amfani da gajeriyar siffa isn't da aren't.
S + am/is/are + not + C
I am not a teacher.
Ni ba malami ba ne.
She is not hungry.
Ba ta jin yunwa.
They are not here.
Ba su nan.
He is not a student.
Shi ba ɗalibi ba ne.
We are not tired.
Ba mu gaji ba.
It is not cold today.
Yau ba sanyi ba ne.
This is not my bag.
Wannan ba jakata ta ba ce.
| Tabbatacciyar jimla | Musantawa (cikakkiya) | Musantawa (gajeriya) |
|---|---|---|
| I am happy. | I am not happy. | I'm not happy. |
| He is tall. | He is not tall. | He isn't tall. |
| She is a nurse. | She is not a nurse. | She isn't a nurse. |
| You are kind. | You are not kind. | You aren't kind. |
| They are here. | They are not here. | They aren't here. |
Ba a cewa 'I amn't' ba! Ga 'I', ka ce 'I'm not'.
Musantar fi'ilai na yau da kullum (do not / does not)
Don musantar fi'ilai ban da fi'ilin be, ana sa 'do not' (don't) ko 'does not' (doesn't) kafin fi'ili. He/She/It → does not, sauran → do not. Bayan 'does not', fi'ili ya koma asali.
S + do/does + not + V (asali) + O
I do not like snakes.
Ba na son macizai.
She does not eat meat.
Ba ta cin nama.
We do not play tennis.
Ba mu wasan tennis.
He does not speak Hausa.
Ba ya magana da Hausa.
They do not live in Lagos.
Ba su zaune a Legas.
I do not have a car.
Ba ni da mota.
| Batun jimla | Siffar musantawa | Gajeriyar siffa |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | do not + V | don't + V |
| He / She / It | does not + V | doesn't + V |
Bayan 'does not', fi'ili ya koma asali! Ba 'She doesn't eats' ba, sai 'She doesn't eat' — cire -s!
Fi'ilin be vs Fi'ilai na yau da kullum — bambanci a musantawa
Musantar fi'ilin be da musantar fi'ilai na yau da kullum sun bambanta. Fi'ilin be + not dabam, do/does + not + V dabam — kada ka cakuɗa su.
be: S + am/is/are + not | Fi'ilai: S + don't/doesn't + V
He is not a pilot. (fi'ilin be)
Shi ba matukin jirgi ba ne.
He does not fly planes. (fi'ili na yau da kullum)
Ba ya tukin jirgin sama.
She is not happy. (fi'ilin be — sifa)
Ba ta da farin ciki.
She does not smile. (fi'ili — aiki)
Ba ta murmushi.
They are not at school. (fi'ilin be — wuri)
Ba su makaranta.
They do not go to school. (fi'ili — aiki)
Ba su zuwa makaranta.
| Nau'in jimla | Yadda ake musantawa | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| be + suna | S + is/are + not + suna | She is not a singer. |
| be + sifa | S + is/are + not + adj | He is not tall. |
| be + wuri | S + is/are + not + wuri | They are not here. |
| Fi'ili na yau da kullum | S + don't/doesn't + V | She doesn't sing. |
Idan suna/sifa/wuri ne, ka yi amfani da be + not. Idan aiki (action) ne, ka yi amfani da don't/doesn't!
Bambancin musantawa a Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'ba...ba' yana kewaye jimla. A Turanci, not/don't/doesn't yana da wuri na musamman.
- ●A Turanci, fi'ilin be da fi'ilai na yau da kullum suna da hanyoyi daban-daban na musantawa. A Hausa, 'ba...ba' yana aiki ga duka.
- ●Bayan does not, fi'ili ya koma asali (likes → doesn't like). Babu irin wannan canji a Hausa.
- ●never (ba taɓa ba) — ba za ka sa don't/doesn't tare da never ba. A Turanci, ba a yarda da musantawa biyu a jimla ɗaya ba.
Common Mistakes
She doesn't eats fish.
She doesn't eat fish.
Bayan doesn't, fi'ili ya koma asali — eats ba, sai eat.
He don't like music.
He doesn't like music.
He (ɗaya) tare da doesn't, ba don't ba.
She doesn't be happy.
She isn't happy.
Musantar fi'ilin be ita ce is not / isn't — ba doesn't be ba.
Try it in conversation
A
Do you like spicy food?
Kana son abinci mai yaji?
B
No, I don't. I don't eat very spicy food.
A'a. Ba na cin abinci mai yaji ƙwarai.
A
My brother doesn't like suya either.
Ɗan'uwana ma ba ya son suya.
B
That's interesting! I'm not a picky eater though.
Abin mamaki! Amma ni ba mai zaɓen abinci ba ne.
Fill in the blanks
She ___ speak Yoruba.
I ___ tired today.
We ___ have a dog.
He ___ a doctor.
The children ___ like vegetables.
My father ___ smoke.
They ___ at home now.
She ___ want any suya.
Quiz
"He doesn't like coffee." — Wannan jimlar musantawa ta dace?
"A musantar fi'ilin be, ana amfani da do not." — Gaskiya ko ƙarya?
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