Fi'ilai na Yau da Kullum
General Verbs
Fi'ilai na yau da kullum (general verbs) su ne fi'ilai ban da fi'ilin be (am/is/are) — misali eat (ci), play (wasa), run (gudu), read (karatu). A Hausa, fi'ili yana zuwa a ƙarshen jimla, amma a Turanci yana zuwa kai tsaye bayan batun jimla. A wannan darasi za mu koyi yadda ake amfani da fi'ilai na yau da kullum da kuma ƙa'idar -s/-es ga He/She/It.
Tsarin kalmomi na asali (SVO)
A Turanci, batun jimla (Subject) ya fara, sannan fi'ili (Verb), sannan abu (Object). Wannan shi ne tsarin SVO. Tsarin Hausa ya bambanta — fi'ili yana zuwa a ƙarshe.
S + V + O
I eat rice.
Ina cin shinkafa.
She plays football.
Tana wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.
We drink water every day.
Muna shan ruwa kullum.
They read books at night.
Suna karanta littattafai da dare.
I write letters to my grandmother.
Ina rubuta wasiƙu ga kakanniya.
You speak English very well.
Kana magana da Turanci sosai.
A Hausa 'Ina cin shinkafa' (fi'ili a ƙarshe), amma a Turanci 'I eat rice' (fi'ili a tsakiya) — tsarin ya bambanta!
He/She/It tare da -s
Idan batun jimla He, She, It ne, ko suna ɗaya, ana ƙara -s ga fi'ili. Wannan ana kiransa 'third person singular' (mutum na uku mufuradi).
He/She/It + V-s + O
He likes football.
Yana son ƙwallon ƙafa.
She reads a book every night.
Tana karanta littafi kowace dare.
It rains a lot in August.
Ruwan sama yana sauka ƙwarai a watan Agusta.
My mother cooks dinner every day.
Mahaifiyata tana dafa abincin dare kullum.
He walks to school.
Yana tafiya makaranta da ƙafa.
My cat eats a lot.
Kyanwa ta tana ci ƙwarai.
| Batun jimla | Siffar fi'ili | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| I / You / We / They | V (asali) | I like mangoes. |
| He / She / It | V + s | He likes mangoes. |
| Suna ɗaya (My cat, Musa...) | V + s | Musa likes mangoes. |
He/She/It — kar ka manta da -s! Wannan shi ne kuskure da ake fi yi.
Fi'ilai da -es
Idan fi'ili ya ƙare da -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -o, ana ƙara -es maimakon -s. Wannan don sauƙaƙe furucin.
He/She/It + V-es + O (fi'ilai da suka ƙare da -ch/-sh/-ss/-x/-o)
She watches TV after dinner.
Tana kallon talabijin bayan abincin dare.
He teaches English.
Yana koyar da Turanci.
She washes the dishes.
Tana wanke kwanoni.
He fixes the computer.
Yana gyara kwamfuta.
She goes to the market.
Tana zuwa kasuwa.
He does his homework every day.
Yana yin aikin gida kullum.
| Ƙarshen fi'ili | Yadda ake ƙara -es | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| -ch | teach → teaches | She teaches math. |
| -sh | wash → washes | He washes his hands. |
| -ss | pass → passes | She passes the ball. |
| -x | fix → fixes | He fixes the chair. |
| -o | go → goes | She goes to school. |
do → does, go → goes — ka kula sosai! Fi'ilai da suka ƙare da -o suna samun -es.
Fi'ilai da -y → -ies
Idan fi'ili ya ƙare da 'baƙi + y', ana cire y sannan a ƙara -ies. Amma idan 'wasali + y' ne, ana ƙara -s kawai.
Baƙi + y → ies | Wasali + y → ys
He studies English every day.
Yana karatun Turanci kullum.
She carries a big bag.
Tana ɗaukan babbar jakata.
The baby cries a lot.
Jariri yana kuka ƙwarai.
She plays the drum.
Tana bugan ganga. (play: wasali a + y → plays)
He enjoys cooking.
Yana jin daɗin girki. (enjoy: wasali o + y → enjoys)
| Fi'ili | Ƙarshe | Siffar He/She | Ƙa'ida |
|---|---|---|---|
| study | baƙi (d) + y | studies | y → ies |
| carry | baƙi (r) + y | carries | y → ies |
| cry | baƙi (r) + y | cries | y → ies |
| fly | baƙi (l) + y | flies | y → ies |
| play | wasali (a) + y | plays | -s kawai |
| enjoy | wasali (o) + y | enjoys | -s kawai |
| buy | wasali (u) + y | buys | -s kawai |
a, e, i, o, u (wasali) + y → -s kawai (plays, buys). Baƙi + y → y zuwa -ies (studies, cries)!
have → has — canjin musamman
have (mallaka/ci) ya zama has lokacin da He/She/It ke batun jimla. Ba a cewa 'haves' ba! Wannan fi'ili ne mara tsari (irregular verb), ka tuna shi daban.
I/You/We/They + have | He/She/It + has
I have a goat.
Ina da akuya.
She has two brothers.
Tana da 'yan'uwa biyu maza.
We have a big compound.
Muna da babbar gida.
He has breakfast at 7 o'clock.
Yana cin karin kumallo da ƙarfe 7.
They have many friends.
Suna da abokai da yawa.
My school has a football field.
Makaranta ta tana da filin ƙwallon ƙafa.
| Batun jimla | have/has | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| I | have | I have a pen. |
| You | have | You have a nice cap. |
| He / She / It | has | He has a bicycle. |
| We | have | We have a test today. |
| They | have | They have three goats. |
have → has — ba 'haves' ba! Ka guji wannan kuskure.
Bambancin fi'ilai a Hausa da Turanci
- ●Hausa: Ina cin shinkafa (fi'ili a ƙarshe) → Turanci: I eat rice (fi'ili a tsakiya) — tsarin kalmomi ya bambanta.
- ●A Hausa, fi'ili ba ya canja ko batun jimla ya canja. Amma a Turanci, He/She/It suna buƙatar -s/-es.
- ●have → has canjin musamman ne. Ba a cewa 'haves' ba.
- ●A Hausa 'zuwa makaranta', a Turanci 'go to school' — ana buƙatar 'to'.
- ●A Turanci, ba za ka bar batun jimla ba. Ba za ka ce 'Eat rice' ba, dole ne ka ce 'I eat rice'.
Common Mistakes
She go to school.
She goes to school.
She (ɗaya) tana buƙatar -es — goes.
He haves a dog.
He has a dog.
have → has (mara tsari). Ba 'haves' ba.
He studys English.
He studies English.
study (baƙi + y) → cire y, sa -ies = studies.
Try it in conversation
A
Do you play any sports?
Kana wasa da wani wasa?
B
Yes, I play football. What about you?
Eh, ina wasan ƙwallon ƙafa. Kai fa?
A
I like running. My sister plays basketball.
Ina son gudu. 'Yar'uwata tana wasan kwando.
B
That's cool! She plays really well.
Da kyau! Tana wasa da kyau ƙwarai.
Fill in the blanks
I ___ water every morning.
She ___ the drum well.
We ___ to school together.
My cat ___ fish.
He ___ math very hard.
She ___ three languages.
Mallam Ibrahim ___ science at our school.
Hauwa ___ a shower every morning.
Quiz
"She ___ to school every day." — Zaɓi fi'ilin da ya dace.
"They ___ English every day." — Me za ka sa?
"He ___ a big dog." — Amsar da ta dace?
"She ___ the dishes every evening." — Me za ka sa?
"The baby ___ every night." — Amsar da ta dace?
"I ___ water every morning." — Me za ka sa?
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