Gerunds da Infinitives
Gerunds & Infinitives
Gerunds (-ing) da Infinitives (to + fi'ili) suna aiki a matsayin suna a cikin jimla. 'I enjoy reading' — 'reading' gerund ne. 'I want to read' — 'to read' infinitive ne. Wasu fi'ilai suna buƙatar gerund, wasu suna buƙatar infinitive. A Hausa, ba a bambanta su sosai — 'Ina son karatu' na iya zama 'I like reading' ko 'I like to read'. Amma a Turanci akwai ƙa'idoji na musamman.
Gerunds (-ing kamar Suna)
Fi'ili + -ing yana iya zama batun magana ko kuma ɗan maganan wasu fi'ilai.
Swimming is good exercise.
Iyo motsa jiki ne mai kyau.
I enjoy cooking Nigerian food.
Ina jin daɗin dafa abincin Najeriya.
She is good at singing.
Tana da basira a waƙa.
They finished eating.
Sun gama cin abinci.
Fi'ilai da ke buƙatar gerund: enjoy, finish, avoid, mind, keep, practice, suggest
Infinitives (to + fi'ili)
'to + tushen fi'ili' kuma yana aiki a matsayin suna ko kuma ɗan maganan wasu fi'ilai.
I want to learn English.
Ina son koyon Turanci.
She decided to study medicine.
Ta yanke shawarar nazarin likitanci.
They plan to visit Abuja.
Suna shirin ziyartar Abuja.
He needs to practice more.
Yana buƙatar yin atisaye ƙwarai.
Fi'ilai da ke buƙatar infinitive: want, need, decide, plan, hope, agree, learn, promise
Fi'ilai da Ke Karɓar Duka Biyun
Wasu fi'ilai suna karɓar gerund da infinitive — wasu da bambancin ma'ana, wasu ba tare da bambanci ba.
I like reading. / I like to read.
Ina son karatu. (ma'ana iri ɗaya)
I stopped smoking. (na daina shan taba)
Na daina shan taba.
I stopped to smoke. (na tsaya don shan taba)
Na tsaya don shan taba.
She started learning English. / She started to learn English.
Ta fara koyon Turanci. (ma'ana iri ɗaya)
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, ba a bambanta gerund da infinitive sosai — 'Ina son karatu' na iya nufin duka biyun.
- ●A Turanci, wasu fi'ilai suna buƙatar gerund ne kawai (enjoy reading), wasu infinitive ne kawai (want to read) — dole ne a tuna da su.
- ●Babban wahala ga masu koyon Turanci shine sanin wanne fi'ili ke buƙatar wanne — babu ƙa'ida guda ɗaya, dole ne a tuna da su.
Common Mistakes
I enjoy to read books.
I enjoy reading books.
'enjoy' yana buƙatar gerund — ba infinitive ba.
She wants going home.
She wants to go home.
'want' yana buƙatar infinitive — ba gerund ba.
Try it in conversation
A
What do you enjoy doing in your free time?
Me kake jin daɗin yi a lokacin hutu?
B
I enjoy playing football and reading.
Ina jin daɗin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa da karatu.
A
Do you want to learn a new language?
Shin kana son koyon sabuwar harshe?
B
Yes, I want to learn Arabic.
Eh, ina son koyon Larabci.
Fill in the blanks
They finished ___ (eat) their lunch.
He decided ___ (study) abroad.
Quiz
'I enjoy ___.' — Zaɓi amsar da ta dace.
'She wants ___ a doctor.' — Cika gurbin.
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