Participles — Siffar Fi'ili
Participles
Participles siffofin fi'ili ne da ke aiki a matsayin siffa. Present participle (-ing) da past participle (-ed ko siffa ta uku) suna kwatanta suna. 'The running boy' (yaron da ke gudu), 'a broken window' (tagar da ta karye). A Hausa, muna amfani da 'da ke' ko 'wadda ta' don yin haka. Participles suna taimakawa wajen gina jimloli masu ƙarfi ba tare da yin su masu tsayi ba.
Present Participle (-ing) a Matsayin Siffa
-ing participle yana kwatanta abin da ke yin aiki ko ke haifar da wani yanayi.
The sleeping baby looks peaceful.
Jaririn da ke barci yana kama da natsuwa.
I saw a running boy.
Na ga yaro da ke gudu.
The movie was exciting.
Fim ɗin yana da ban sha'awa.
She told us an interesting story.
Ta ba mu labari mai ban sha'awa.
Past Participle (-ed/siffa ta uku) a Matsayin Siffa
Past participle yana kwatanta abin da aka yi wa wani abu ko yanayin abin.
The broken window needs to be fixed.
Tagar da ta karye tana buƙatar a gyara ta.
I feel tired after the long walk.
Ina jin gajiya bayan doguwar tafiya.
She was excited about the trip.
Tana farin ciki game da tafiyar.
The stolen phone was found.
An sami wayar da aka sace.
Bambancin -ing da -ed Siffar Motsin Rai
-ing = abin da ke haifar da yanayi (boring movie). -ed = mutumin da ke jin yanayin (bored person).
The lesson was boring. (labarin ya haifar da gundura)
Darasi ya yi ban gundura.
I was bored during the lesson. (na ji gundura)
Na ji gundura yayin darasi.
The game was exciting. (wasa yana ban sha'awa)
Wasan yana da ban sha'awa.
We were excited about the game. (mun ji daɗi)
Mun ji daɗi game da wasan.
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, 'da ke...' (da ke gudu = running) da 'wadda ta...' (wadda ta karye = broken) suna yi kama da participles.
- ●A Turanci, participle yana zuwa kafin suna (a sleeping baby) ko bayan fi'ilin haɗi (she feels tired). A Hausa, siffa tana zuwa bayan suna.
- ●Bambancin -ing/-ed (boring vs bored) yana da wahala ga masu koyon Turanci domin a Hausa kalma ɗaya ce — 'gundura'.
Common Mistakes
I am boring.
I am bored.
Mutum ne ke jin yanayi — 'bored' (-ed). Ba 'boring' ba (sai dai idan mutumin ne ke haddasa gundura ga wasu).
The movie was excited.
The movie was exciting.
Fim ɗin ne ke haifar da sha'awa — 'exciting' (-ing).
Try it in conversation
A
How was the movie?
Yaya fim ɗin ya kasance?
B
It was really exciting! I was so excited.
Yana da ban sha'awa ƙwarai! Na ji daɗi sosai.
A
Are you tired?
Shin kana jin gajiya?
B
Yes, the walk was very tiring.
Eh, tafiyar ta yi ban gajiya.
Fill in the blanks
The ___ (break) glass is dangerous.
She told a very ___ (interest) story.
Quiz
'The movie was very ___.' — Zaɓi siffar da ta dace.
'I felt ___ after the long day.' — Cika gurbin.
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