Siffa (Adjectives)
Adjectives
Sifa (adjective) ita ce kalma da ke bayyana suna — 'babban kare', 'abinci mai daɗi'. A Turanci, sifa tana da wurare biyu: kafin suna (a big dog) ko bayan fi'ilin be (The dog is big). Bambancin da Hausa shi ne a Turanci sifa tana zuwa kafin suna, amma a Hausa tana zuwa baya ('kare babba'). A wannan darasi, za mu koyi yadda ake amfani da sifa daidai.
Wurin sifa — kafin suna da bayan fi'ilin be
A Turanci, sifa tana iya zuwa a wurare biyu: kafin suna (a big house) ko bayan fi'ilin be (The house is big). A Hausa, sifa tana zuwa bayan suna ('gida babba'), amma a Turanci tana zuwa kafin suna — wannan shi ne babban bambanci.
Sifa + Suna / S + fi'ilin be + Sifa
She has a beautiful dress.
Tana da kyakkyawar riga.
The dress is beautiful.
Rigar tana da kyau.
I ate a delicious suya.
Na ci suya mai daɗi.
The suya was delicious.
Suya ta yi daɗi.
He is a tall boy.
Shi dogo yaro ne.
This old house is very big.
Wannan tsohon gida yana da girma ƙwarai.
We watched an interesting movie.
Mun kalli fim mai ban sha'awa.
The weather is nice today.
Yanayi yana da kyau yau.
| Tsari | Siffa | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Kafin suna | Sifa + Suna | a big dog, a red car |
| Bayan fi'ilin be | S + be + Sifa | The dog is big. |
| Bayan sense verbs | S + look/feel/taste + Sifa | It looks nice. |
| Sifa da yawa | Sifa + Sifa + Suna | a big red ball |
A Hausa 'kare babba' (suna kafin sifa), amma a Turanci 'a big dog' (sifa kafin suna) — tsari ya juya!
Sifofin adadi (some / any / many / much / few / little)
Sifofin adadi suna nuna yawan abu. 'a few' (ƙalilan — tabbatacce) da 'few' (ƙalilan — mara kyau) sun bambanta. 'a little' da 'little' ma haka.
Sifar adadi + suna
I have a few friends in this class.
Ina da abokai kaɗan a wannan aji.
There is a little milk left.
Akwai madara kaɗan da ta rage.
Few people came to the party.
Mutane kaɗan ne suka zo bikin.
She has many toys in her room.
Tana da kayan wasa da yawa a ɗakinta.
We don't have much time.
Ba mu da lokaci mai yawa.
Every student needs a pencil.
Kowane ɗalibi yana buƙatar fensir.
Each child received a gift.
Kowane yaro ya sami kyauta.
| Kalma | Suna | Ma'ana | Yanayi |
|---|---|---|---|
| a few | ƙidaya | kaɗan (tabbatacce) | Tabbatacce |
| few | ƙidaya | kusan babu | Mara kyau |
| a little | ba a ƙidaya | kaɗan (tabbatacce) | Tabbatacce |
| little | ba a ƙidaya | kusan babu | Mara kyau |
| every | ƙidaya (mufuradi) | kowanne/kowace | Duka |
| each | ƙidaya (mufuradi) | kowane/kowace | Ɗaya-ɗaya |
'a few' = 'ina da kaɗan' (farin ciki), 'few' = 'kusan babu' (baƙin ciki). 'a' tana canza ma'ana!
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, sifa tana bayan suna ('kare babba'). A Turanci, sifa tana kafin suna ('a big dog') — tsari ya juya.
- ●A Turanci, sifa ba ta canja ba ko mufuradi ko jam'i — 'big dog' da 'big dogs' duka 'big'. A Hausa, sifa tana iya canja.
- ●A Turanci, idan sifa biyu ko fiye, akwai tsari na musamman (girma → launi: 'a big red ball'). A Hausa ba haka ba.
- ●'many' na abubuwan ƙidaya, 'much' na abubuwan da ba a ƙidaya — a Hausa 'da yawa' ya shafi duka.
Common Mistakes
I saw a red big ball.
I saw a big red ball.
Girma kafin launi — 'big red' ba 'red big' ba.
She has much books.
She has many books.
books ƙidaya ne — 'many' ba 'much' ba.
I happy.
I am happy.
Dole ne ka sa fi'ilin be — 'I am happy' ba 'I happy' ba.
Try it in conversation
A
What is your favorite food?
Wane abinci kake fi so?
B
I love delicious jollof rice!
Ina son shinkafar jollof mai daɗi!
A
Me too! My mother makes the best jollof rice.
Ni ma! Mahaifiyata ce take dafa jollof mafi kyau.
B
That's wonderful! I want to try it someday.
Da kyau! Ina son gwadawa wata rana.
Fill in the blanks
The food is very ___. (mai daɗi)
She has ___ books. (da yawa — ƙidaya)
I have ___ time to play. (kusan babu — ba a ƙidaya)
He lives in a ___ ___ house. (babba, tsoho)
___ child in the class passed the test.
We don't have ___ homework tonight. (da yawa)
Quiz
"The cake is very ___." (mai daɗi) — me za ka sa?
"She has ___ books in her bag." — 'kaɗan (tabbatacce)' me ya dace?
"I saw a ___ ___ bird." (ƙarami, shuɗi) — tsari?
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