Adverb (Sifar fi'ili)
Adverbs
Adverb ita ce kalma da ke bayyana fi'ili, sifa, ko wata adverb. 'Tana gudu da sauri' — 'da sauri' ita ce adverb. A Turanci, adverb tana nuna 'yaya' (how), 'sau nawa' (how often), 'da yawa nawa' (how much), 'ina' (where), da 'yaushe' (when). Wurin da adverb take a jimla yana da muhimmanci a Turanci.
Nau'o'in adverb
Akwai nau'o'i da dama: adverb na hanya (slowly, quickly), adverb na yawan lokaci (always, sometimes), adverb na matsayi (very, really), adverb na wuri (here, there), da adverb na lokaci (today, yesterday).
She runs quickly.
Tana gudu da sauri.
I always eat breakfast.
Kullum ina cin karin kumallo.
This book is very interesting.
Wannan littafi yana da ban sha'awa ƙwarai.
Please come here.
Don Allah ka zo nan.
I went to the market yesterday.
Na je kasuwa jiya.
He speaks English well.
Yana magana da Turanci daidai.
We sometimes go swimming.
Wani lokaci muna zuwa ninkaya.
| Nau'i | Ma'ana | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Hanya (Manner) | yaya | slowly, quickly, carefully, well |
| Yawan lokaci (Frequency) | sau nawa | always, usually, often, sometimes, never |
| Matsayi (Degree) | da yawa nawa | very, really, quite, too |
| Wuri (Place) | ina | here, there, everywhere, outside |
| Lokaci (Time) | yaushe | today, yesterday, tomorrow, now |
Adverb tana iya zuwa wurare da dama a jimla. Amma kowane nau'i yana da 'wuri mafi kyau'.
Wurin adverb a jimla
Adverb na yawan lokaci (always, usually, often) — kafin fi'ili na yau da kullum, bayan fi'ilin be. Adverb na hanya (slowly, carefully) — a ƙarshen jimla. Adverb na matsayi (very, really) — kafin sifa ko adverb da take bayyanawa.
Yawan lokaci: S + adverb + V / Hanya: S + V + O + adverb / Matsayi: adverb + Adj/Adv
She always helps her friends.
Kullum tana taimaka wa abokanta.
He is usually late for school.
Yawanci yana maƙara ga makaranta.
The children played happily in the field.
Yaran sun yi wasa da farin ciki a filin.
She is very smart.
Tana da wayo ƙwarai.
I never eat pork.
Ba na taɓa cin naman alade.
He drives too fast.
Yana tuƙi da sauri fiye da kima.
She sings beautifully.
Tana waƙa da kyau.
| Nau'in adverb | Wuri | Misali |
|---|---|---|
| Yawan lokaci (fi'ili) | Kafin fi'ili | I always study hard. |
| Yawan lokaci (be) | Bayan fi'ilin be | She is always happy. |
| Hanya | Ƙarshen jimla | He speaks slowly. |
| Matsayi | Kafin sifa/adverb | She is very tall. |
| Wuri | Ƙarshen jimla | I live here. |
| Lokaci | Farko ko ƙarshen jimla | Yesterday I went to school. |
Adverb na yawan lokaci: 'kafin fi'ili, bayan fi'ilin be'! 'I always go' — ta dace. 'I go always' — kuskure.
Yadda ake yin -ly
Yawancin adverb ana yin su ne ta hanyar ƙara -ly ga sifa. slow → slowly. Amma wasu sun bambanta: good → well (ba 'goodly' ba), fast → fast (ba 'fastly' ba).
Sifa + ly = Adverb
She walks slowly.
Tana tafiya a hankali.
He answered the question easily.
Ya amsa tambayar cikin sauƙi.
Please drive carefully.
Don Allah ka tuƙi da hankali.
She smiled happily.
Ta yi murmushi da farin ciki.
He spoke politely to the teacher.
Ya yi magana da ladabi ga malami.
| Ƙa'ida | Sifa | Adverb |
|---|---|---|
| +ly | slow | slowly |
| +ly | careful | carefully |
| y→ily | happy | happily |
| y→ily | easy | easily |
| e→ly | gentle | gently |
| Musamman | good | well |
| Iri ɗaya | fast | fast |
| Iri ɗaya | hard | hard |
good → well (ba 'goodly' ba)! 'She sings good' kuskure ne, 'She sings well' daidai ne.
Bambancin sifa da adverb
Sifa tana bayyana suna, adverb tana bayyana fi'ili/sifa/adverb. good (sifa) da well (adverb), fast (sifa da adverb iri ɗaya), hard (sifa da adverb iri ɗaya) — waɗannan sun fi rikitarwa. hardly = 'kusan ba' — ma'ana ta bambanta da hard!
He is a good singer. / He sings well.
Shi mawaƙi ne mai kyau. / Yana waƙa da kyau.
She is a fast runner. / She runs fast.
Ita mai gudu ce mai sauri. / Tana gudu da sauri.
This is hard work. / He works hard.
Wannan aiki ne mai wuya. / Yana aiki tuƙuru.
I can hardly hear you.
Kusan ba na jin ka.
| Sifa | Adverb | Lura |
|---|---|---|
| good (mai kyau) | well (da kyau) | Siffa ta bambanta! |
| fast (mai sauri) | fast (da sauri) | Iri ɗaya |
| hard (mai wuya) | hard (tuƙuru) | Iri ɗaya |
| hard (mai wuya) | hardly (kusan ba) | Ma'ana ta bambanta! |
hard da hardly sun bambanta ƙwarai! 'He works hard' = 'yana aiki tuƙuru'. 'He hardly works' = 'kusan ba ya aiki'. Ma'ana ta juya!
Bambancin Hausa da Turanci
- ●A Hausa, adverb ('da sauri', 'da hankali') tana iya zuwa wurare da dama. A Turanci, akwai ƙa'idoji na musamman ga kowane nau'i.
- ●A Hausa, ba a bambance sifa da adverb sosai ('mai kyau' ga duka). A Turanci, 'good' (sifa) da 'well' (adverb) sun bambanta.
- ●Adverb na yawan lokaci (always, sometimes, never) suna da wuri na musamman a Turanci — kafin fi'ili na yau da kullum, bayan fi'ilin be.
- ●'hardly' (kusan ba) ya bambanta da 'hard' (tuƙuru) — wannan kuskure ne da ake fi yi.
Common Mistakes
She sings good.
She sings well.
Bayan fi'ili, adverb ake buƙata — 'well' ba 'good' ba.
He runs fastly.
He runs fast.
fast adverb ce iri ɗaya da sifa. 'fastly' babu irin wannan kalma.
He hardly works. (= yana aiki tuƙuru)
He works hard. (= yana aiki tuƙuru)
'hardly' = 'kusan ba ya aiki'. 'hard' = 'tuƙuru'. Ma'ana ta juya!
Try it in conversation
A
How often do you play football?
Sau nawa kake wasan ƙwallo?
B
I usually play after school. Sometimes on weekends too.
Yawanci ina wasa bayan makaranta. Wani lokaci a ƙarshen mako kuma.
A
You run very fast! How do you do it?
Kana gudu da sauri ƙwarai! Yaya kake yi?
B
I always practice hard. That's my secret!
Kullum ina yin atisaye tuƙuru. Wannan shi ne sirrina!
Fill in the blanks
He speaks Hausa ___. (da kyau)
She ___ forgets her homework. (wani lokaci)
Please write your name ___. (da hankali)
He is ___ late for class. (yawanci)
This bag is ___ heavy. (ƙwarai)
She ___ eats pork. (ba taɓa)
He answered the question ___. (cikin sauƙi)
She can ___ hear the music. (kusan ba)
Quiz
"She sings ___." — 'da kyau' me za ka sa?
"He ___ goes to bed early." — 'kullum' me za ka sa?
"She runs ___." — 'da sauri' me za ka sa?
"He works ___." — 'tuƙuru' me za ka sa?
Related Topics
Practice speaking English in the app
Practice English conversation with AI. Download for free!
Free Download